References & Annotated Bibliography
| Type | Author(s) / Company | Year | Title | Place / Medium / URL | Publisher / Date Published / Accessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Book | Ortaylı, İ. | 2006 | Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | İstanbul | Timaş |
| Book | Zürcher, E.J. | 2004 | Turkey: A Modern History | London | I.B. Tauris |
| Book | Mango, A. | 1999 | Atatürk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey | New York | Overlook Press |
| Book | Kinross, P. | 1964 | Atatürk: A Biography of Mustafa Kemal, Father of Modern Turkey | London | Weidenfeld and Nicolson |
| Book | Shaw, S.J. & Shaw, E.K. | 1977 | History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Volume 2 | Cambridge | Cambridge University Press |
| Video | TRT | 1998 | Kurtuluş | Documentary series | 1998 |
| Website | Atatürk, M.K. | 2025 | Nutuk (The Great Speech) | archive.org | Accessed 13 June 2025 |
| Website | Grand National Assembly of Turkey | 2025 | Parliamentary minutes | tbmm.gov.tr | Accessed 13 June 2025 |
| Website | Hakimiyet-i Milliye archives | 2025 | Hakimiyet-i Milliye newspaper archives | gastearsivi.com | Accessed 13 June 2025 |
| Website | Wikipedia contributors | 2025 | Turkish War of Independence | en.wikipedia.org | Accessed 13 June 2025 |
| Website | Wikipedia contributors | 2025 | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | en.wikipedia.org | Accessed 13 June 2025 |
Annotated Bibliography
| Source | Annotation |
|---|---|
| Atatürk, M.K. (2025). Nutuk (The Great Speech). archive.org |
This primary source provides Atatürk’s own account of the Turkish War of Independence. It was essential for understanding his motivations, leadership style, and political vision. For example, he declares, “The nation’s independence shall be saved by the nation’s determination and resolve.” We used this quote in the Leadership & Strategy page to show how his belief in national unity was a driving force behind the resistance. It also supported the Conclusion, reinforcing our hypothesis that Atatürk’s personal leadership was central to the Republic’s creation. |
| TRT. (1998). Kurtuluş [Documentary series]. | This dramatized documentary visually presents the War of Independence from the Turkish perspective. We used it in the Timeline and Gallery pages to illustrate key military and political moments. One scene shows Atatürk saying, “Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the nation,” which was useful to highlight the republican ideals of the period. Its visual impact helped contextualize the historical narrative for visitors. |
| Zürcher, E.J. (2004). Turkey: A Modern History. | Zürcher provides a detailed, critical academic analysis of the socio-political context before, during, and after the War of Independence. His insights into the complexities of the period and international relations informed the Historical Context and Comparative Analysis pages, where we discuss alternative leadership scenarios and foreign influences. This source was vital for presenting a balanced view beyond Atatürk’s own narrative. |
| Ortaylı, İ. (2006). Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. | This biography offers an in-depth look at Atatürk’s life, combining personal anecdotes and political analysis. It helped us develop the Leadership & Strategy page by describing his strategic decisions, such as forming alliances and reforms post-war. Ortaylı’s portrayal of Atatürk’s charisma reinforced the idea of strong, inspirational leadership. |
| Wikipedia contributors. (2025). Turkish War of Independence. en.wikipedia.org |
Wikipedia was used primarily as a starting point to gather a broad overview and locate additional references. The entry’s timeline and list of battles were helpful in structuring our Timeline page. While Wikipedia’s open-edit nature required cross-checking with academic sources, it provided useful access to lesser-known facts and linked primary documents. |