Turkish War of Independence Research

Sources & Evidence

Our research heavily relies on primary sources that provide direct insight into the nationalist movement’s rationale and challenges. Among the most vital is Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's Nutuk (Great Speech), offering a firsthand narrative of the political and military struggles. Official records of the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM) also serve as critical documents detailing legislative measures taken to coordinate resistance efforts. Contemporary news articles from the Hakimiyet-i Milliye newspaper illustrate how public opinion was shaped and mobilized during this critical period.

Secondary sources complement these firsthand accounts by providing broader context and analysis. Notable among these are scholarly biographies, such as İlber Ortaylı's Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, which situate Atatürk's leadership within the wider historical framework. Additionally, documentaries like TRT’s Kurtuluş offer expert commentary and audiovisual perspectives that deepen understanding of the era. Together, these sources underpin our central argument regarding Atatürk’s decisive leadership role in Turkey’s independence.